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Tools and Basic Information for Design, Engineering and Construction of Technical Applications
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Steel Pipe Expansion Loop Capacity
Thermal expansion and steel pipe expansion loops capacities
Air - Thermophysical Properties
Thermal properties of air - density, viscosity, critical temperature and pressure, triple point, enthalpi and entropi, thermal conductivity and diffusicity, and more
Online Design of Water Supply Systems
Online design tool for a water supply system
Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion
Linear temperature expansion coefficients for aluminum, copper, glass, iron and other common materials
Hot Air Balloon - Lifting Force
Calculate potential lifting force in hot air volume
Psychrometric Chart - Barometric Pressure 29.921 inches of Mercury
A psychrometric chart in English units - temperature ranging 20oF to 120oF
UTM to Latitude and Longitude Converter
Online UTM to Latitude Longitude converter
Water - Thermophysical Properties
Thermal properties of water - density, freezing temperature, boiling temperature, latent heat of melting, latent heat of evaporation, critical temperature and more
Radian
The radian - unit of angle - and angular velocity
Miter Saw Angle Calculator
Calculate miter saw protractor angles
Friction and Friction Coefficients
The friction theory and friction coefficients at different conditions for various of materials like ice, aluminum, steel, graphite and other common materials and materials combinations
Young's Modulus - Tensile and Yield Strength for common Materials
Young's Modulus or Tensile Modulus alt. Modulus of Elasticity - and Ultimate Tensile and Yield Strength for steel, glass, wood and other common materials
![Liquid Flow 10 – Integrated Shortcuts For Common Daily Tasks Liquid Flow 10 – Integrated Shortcuts For Common Daily Tasks](https://i1.wp.com/www.macbed.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/9043.png?fit=256%2C256&ssl=1)
Thermal Conductivity of selected Materials and Gases
Thermal conductivity of some selected gases, insulation products, aluminum, asphalt, brass, copper, steel and other common materials
Water - Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expansion Coefficient
Definitions, online calculator, figures and tables giving Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expansion Coefficient of liquid water at temperatures ranging from 0 to 360 °C and 32 to 680°F - in Imperial and SI Units
Square, Cube, Square Root and Cubic Root
Calculator and tabulated values for numbers ranging from 1 to 100
American Wide Flange Beams - W Beam
Dimensions of American Wide Flange Beams ASTM A6 - Imperial units
Absolute, Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity
Dynamic, absolute and kinematic viscosities - convert between CentiStokes (cSt), centipoises (cP), Saybolt Universal Seconds (SSU) and degree Engler
Wire Gauge Converter - AWG versus square mm
American Wire Gauge (AWG) versus square mm cross sectional area
Density, Specific Weight and Specific Gravity
An introduction to density, specific gravity and specific weight - formulas with examples
Online Design of Hot Water Heating Systems - Metric Units
Online design tool for hot water heating systems
Water - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity
Online calculator, figures and tables showing viscosity of water at temperatures ranging from 0 to 360 °C (32 to 675 °F) - Imperial and SI Units
ASME/ANSI B16.5 - Flanges and Bolt Dimensions Class 150 to 2500
Diameters and bolt circles for standard ASME B16.5 flanges - 1/4 to 24 inches - Class 150 to 2500
Conversion Chart - from Inches to mm and vice versa
Convert fractional and/or decimal inches to metric mm - and vice versa
Wrench Spanner - Inches to mm
SAE to metric wrench and spanner converter chart
Area Moment of Inertia - Typical Cross Sections I
Area Moment of Inertia, Moment of Inertia for an Area or Second Moment of Area for typical cross section profiles
Dry Air Properties
Dry air properties at temperatures ranging 175 - 1900 K - specific heat, ratio of specific heats, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, Prandtl number, density and kinematic viscosity
Liquid Flow 10 – Integrated Shortcuts For Common Daily Tasks Crossword Puzzle
Car Cost Calculator - New Car vs. Old
Compare costs between cars
• Acoustics
Room acoustics and acoustic properties - decibel A, B and C - Noise Rating (NR) curves, sound transmission, sound pressure, sound intensity and sound attenuation
• Air Psychrometrics
The study of moist and humid air - psychrometric charts, Mollier diagrams, air-condition temperatures and absolute and relative humidity and moisture content
• Basics
The SI-system, unit converters, physical constants, drawing scales and more
• Combustion
Boiler house topics - fuels like oil, gas, coal, wood - chimneys, safety valves, tanks - combustion efficiency
• Drawing Tools
2D and 3D drawing tools
• Dynamics
Motion - velocity and acceleration, forces and torques
• Economics
Engineering economics - cash flow diagrams, present value, discount rates, internal rates of return - IRR, income taxes, inflation
• Electrical
Electrical units, amps and electrical wiring, wire gauge and AWG, electrical formulas and motors
• Environment
Climate, meteorology, sun, wind and environmental resources
• Fluid Mechanics
The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involves velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time
• Gases and Compressed Air
Air, LNG, LPG and other common gas properties, pipeline capacities, sizing of relief valves
• HVAC Systems
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems - design and dimensions
• Hydraulics and Pneumatics
![Common Common](https://epdf.pub/img/300x300/pragmatic-unit-testing-in-java-with-junit_5a7e85a1b7d7bc0549033a1d.jpg)
Hydraulic and pneumatic systems - fluids, forces, pumps and pistons
• Insulation
Heat transfer and heat loss from buildings and technical applications - heat transfer coefficients and insulation methods and to reduce energy consumption
• Material Properties
Material properties for gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more
• Mathematics
Mathematical rules and laws - numbers, areas, volumes, exponents, trigonometric functions and more
• Mechanics
Forces, acceleration, displacement, vectors, motion, momentum, energy of objects and more
• Miscellaneous
Engineering related topics like Beaufort Wind Scale, CE-marking, drawing standards and more
• Physiology
Human physiology, air quality and comfort temperatures, activity and metabolic rates, health effects of carbon monoxide and more
• Piping Systems
Dimensions of pipes and tubes, materials and capacities, pressure drop calculations and charts, insulation and heat loss diagrams
• Process Control
Instrumentation and process control systems, design and documentation
• Pumps
Piping systems and pumps - centrifugal pumps, displacement pumps - cavitation, viscosity, head and pressure, power consumption and more
• Sanitary Drainage Systems
The purpose of a sanitary drainage system is to remove effluent discharged from plumbing fixtures and other equipment
• Standard Organizations
National and International organizations producing codes and standards - ANSI, ISO, DIN, BSi and more
Liquid Flow 10 – Integrated Shortcuts For Common Daily Tasks Using
• Statics
Loads - force and torque, beams and columns
• Steam and Condensate
Steam & condensate systems- properties, capacities, pipe sizing, systems configuration and more
• Thermodynamics
Effects of work, heat and energy on systems
• Water Systems
Tuxera ntfs. Hot and cold water service systems - design properties, capacities, sizing and more
Integrated circuit
- Basic IC types
- Basic semiconductor design
- Designing ICs
- Fabricating ICs
- Building layers
- Deposition
- Building layers
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Christopher SaintSee All ContributorsManager, IBM West Coast Design Center, Auburn, California. Coauthor of IC Layout Basics and IC Mask Design.
Alternative Titles: IC, chip, chip circuit, electronic-grade silicon, microchip, microcircuit, microelectronic circuit
Integrated circuit (IC), also called microelectronic circuit, microchip, or chip, an assembly of electronic components, fabricated as a single unit, in which miniaturized active devices (e.g., transistors and diodes) and passive devices (e.g., capacitors and resistors) and their interconnections are built up on a thin substrate of semiconductor material (typically silicon). The resulting circuit is thus a small monolithic “chip,” which may be as small as a few square centimetres or only a few square millimetres. The individual circuit components are generally microscopic in size.
Electronics & Gadgets Quiz
What does fiber optic cable resemble, in terms of size?
Integrated circuits have their origin in the invention of the transistor in 1947 by William B. Shockley and his team at the American Telephone and Telegraph Company’sBell Laboratories. Shockley’s team (including John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain) found that, under the right circumstances, electrons would form a barrier at the surface of certain crystals, and they learned to control the flow of electricity through the crystal by manipulating this barrier. Controlling electron flow through a crystal allowed the team to create a device that could perform certain electrical operations, such as signal amplification, that were previously done by vacuum tubes. They named this device a transistor, from a combination of the words transfer and resistor. The study of methods of creating electronic devices using solid materials became known as solid-state electronics. Solid-state devices proved to be much sturdier, easier to work with, more reliable, much smaller, and less expensive than vacuum tubes. Using the same principles and materials, engineers soon learned to create other electrical components, such as resistors and capacitors. Now that electrical devices could be made so small, the largest part of a circuit was the awkward wiring between the devices.
In 1958 Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments, Inc., and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation independently thought of a way to reduce circuit size further. They laid very thin paths of metal (usually aluminum or copper) directly on the same piece of material as their devices. These small paths acted as wires. With this technique an entire circuit could be “integrated” on a single piece of solid material and an integrated circuit (IC) thus created. ICs can contain hundreds of thousands of individual transistors on a single piece of material the size of a pea. Working with that many vacuum tubes would have been unrealistically awkward and expensive. The invention of the integrated circuit made technologies of the Information Age feasible. ICs are now used extensively in all walks of life, from cars to toasters to amusement park rides.
Liquid Flow 10 – Integrated Shortcuts For Common Daily Tasks Include
Basic IC types
Liquid Flow 10 – Integrated Shortcuts For Common Daily Tasks At Home
Analog versus digital circuits
Analog, or linear, circuits typically use only a few components and are thus some of the simplest types of ICs. Generally, analog circuits are connected to devices that collect signals from the environment or send signals back to the environment. For example, a microphone converts fluctuating vocal sounds into an electrical signal of varying voltage. An analog circuit then modifies the signal in some useful way—such as amplifying it or filtering it of undesirable noise. Such a signal might then be fed back to a loudspeaker, which would reproduce the tones originally picked up by the microphone. Another typical use for an analog circuit is to control some device in response to continual changes in the environment. For example, a temperature sensor sends a varying signal to a thermostat, which can be programmed to turn an air conditioner, heater, or oven on and off once the signal has reached a certain value.
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A digital circuit, on the other hand, is designed to accept only voltages of specific given values. A circuit that uses only two states is known as a binary circuit. Circuit design with binary quantities, “on” and “off” representing 1 and 0 (i.e., true and false), uses the logic of Boolean algebra. (Arithmetic is also performed in the binary number system employing Boolean algebra.) These basic elements are combined in the design of ICs for digital computers and associated devices to perform the desired functions.
Quick Facts
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